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Forklifts
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This topic covers forklifts, also known as powered industrial trucks (PITs), which are specialized vehicles that carry, push, pull, lift, load, unload, stack, or tier material of varied sizes, shapes, and weights. It covers the regulations for general industry workplaces, and the regulations for earth-moving equipment and other machines used in construction.

OSHA has extensive regulations for forklift design, operations, and training that all employers who use these vehicles must comply with. There are also additional requirements that depend on the classification of a forklift and its use.

For related resources and training materials, see the topic Material Handling—General for information on regulations for handling heavy and/or bulky materials, including loading and unloading.

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Interpretations Applicability of 29 CFR 1910.178 to pick-up trucks such as Ford Ranger, Chevrolet S-10 and Dodge 1500. [1910.178; 1910.178(a)(1)] 07/13/2006National
Interpretations Chocking of trailers at United States Postal Service facilities. [1910.178; 1910.178(k)(1); 1910.178(m)(7)] 09/14/2005National
Interpretations Competency of powered industrial truck trainers; training must be truck - and site - specific.[1910.178(l)(2)(ii); 1910.178(l)(3)(i); 1910.178(l)(3)(ii)] 04/10/2000National
Interpretations Evaluation of what is considered a safe speed to operate powered industrial trucks (forklifts).[1910.178(n)(8); 1910.178(n)(15)] 11/04/2004National
Interpretations Installation of strobe lights on forklifts as an additional warning device for forklifts used in vessel holds.[1910; 1910.178(a)(4); 1910.178(l); 1917; 1917.43(b)(1); 1917.43(c)(5); 1918; 1918.65(b)(1); 1918.65(f)] 12/21/2004National
Interpretations Pre-operation forklift examinations are not required to be written.[1910.178(q)(7)] 05/09/2000National
Interpretations Requirements for the sound level of a warning device (horn) located on a forklift.[1910.178(q)(7); 1910.178(p)(1); 1910.178(q)(5)] 08/13/2004National
Interpretations Use of seat belts on powered industrial trucks 03/07/1996National
Interpretations 03/30/2004 - Written approval requirements for powered industrial truck modifications and additions that affect capacity or safe operation. 03/30/2004National
Directives 10/19/1999 - Chocking of Tractor Trailer under the Powered Industrial Truck Standard 07/22/2003National
Directives 10/30/1978 - STD 1-11.3 - 29 CFR 1910.178(m)(b) Powered Industrial Trucks door opening device for freight car doors 07/07/2003National
Directives 11/30/2000 - Compliance Assistance for the Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training Standards 07/22/2003National
Regulations 29 CFR § 1910.178 Powered industrial trucks  National
Proposed Rules 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 - Powered Industrial Trucks Design Standard Update 02/16/2022National
Proposed Rules 29 CFR 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, and 1926 - Powered Industrial Trucks; Request for Information 03/11/2019National
Training Tips 7 safety tips for forklifts on rough terrain  National
Questions & Answers According to OSHA 1910.178 (k)(1) it states wheels must chocked, but the word chock is used in the plural format. Are they stating two wheel chocks must be used? How do you interpret the number of chocks that must be used? 11/04/2015National
Questions & Answers After an accident involving a forklift has taken place, does the operator of the forklift need to be retrained before he or she is allowed to operate a forklift ... 03/02/2010National
Questions & Answers After forklift operator have been certified to operate a forklift, are the operators required to carry a card or other form of certification with them at all times while working on the forklift? 02/25/2010National
Questions & Answers Any regulation governing the use of an am / fm radio on a forklift? 06/19/2014National
Handouts Appendix A—Stability of Powered Industrial Trucks  National
Interpretations Applicability of 1910.178 to earth moving equipment and skid steer loaders.[1910.178(a)] 03/07/2000National
Questions & Answers Are forklifts required to have mirrors on them? What about backup signals (horns or lights)? 05/27/2008National
Questions & Answers Are hand signals the same for a forklift as they are for cranes and hoisting equipment? 12/09/2010National
Questions & Answers Are powered industrial truck (PIT) operators required to document inspections? 10/05/2021National
Questions & Answers Are there any required test to allow a gas operated forklift in an enclosed space (trailers)? 01/19/2011National
Questions & Answers Are there any stipulations in the Powered Industrial Truck Certifiation regs that forbid hearing impaired employees from being certified? 06/22/2010National
Questions & Answers Are there regulations or guidelines covering the height for a back rail or guard on a forklift front end attachment? 04/19/2013National
Interpretations Back-up alarm requirements on vehicles. 06/10/1993National
Interpretations Batteries in powered industrial trucks must be secured horizontally and/or vertically.[1910.178; 1910.178(g)(5)] 03/18/2003National
Questions & Answers Can a forklift carry a load suspended under the forks? 01/21/2011National
Questions & Answers Can a person with uncontrolled diabetes or epilepsy be certified to operate a forklift or reach truck? 04/24/2013National
Questions & Answers Can the back guard of a forklift be used as a guard rail system when transporting materials to a higher level? 09/23/2013National
Questions & Answers Can we use a work platform connected to a fork truck to lift employees? If yes what are the regulations? 02/27/2017National
Questions & Answers Can you give further guidance/clarification on how large the charging station should be? 03/28/2013National
Questions & Answers Can you tell me how a piggyback forklift, the type the attaches to flatbed truck and trailers for unloading at jobsites, is classified and what kind of training is needed? Counterbalance, rough terrain, or something different. 08/28/2015National
Interpretations Clarification of OSHA's CPL 2-1.30 regarding tractor trailer chocking. 11/09/1999National
Interpretations Clarification of PIT requirements covering: fall protection and safety platforms, seatbelts, LP-gas storage, smoking, and eye wash stations. 03/08/2002National
Interpretations Clarification of the Powered Industrial Truck (1910.178) standard's use of the terms "in need of repair," "defective," and "unsafe."[1910.178; 1910.178(p)(1); 1910.178(q)(1); 1910.178(p); 1910.178(q)] 06/17/2004National
Interpretations Clarification of the use of powered industrial trucks in Class I, Division 2, Group C locations.(1910.178) 05/24/1995National
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